Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Analysis of 338 Cerebrospinal-Fluid Metabolites and Cluster-Headache Risk.

Cochran’s Q test did not indicate notable heterogeneity in any of the CSF metabolites tested, and all MR-Egger intercept tests were non-significant (P > 0.05), with the exception of myo-inositol, which showed a borderline significant intercept (P = 0.005), suggesting potential pleiotropic bias for this trait.

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Notably, none of these metabolites overlapped with those identified in the forward MR analysis. Several metabolites exhibited nominally significant associations in the reverse MR analysis, indicating potential downstream effects of genetically predicted CH on CSF metabolite levels.

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