Influence of grain size on the solid-state direct reduction of polycrystalline iron oxide.

When comparing the total reduction degree as a function of various heating rates (for the same isothermal holding at 700 °C for 30 min) a clear trend emerges: at high heating rate (20 °C/min) the difference in reduction degree between the large- and ultrafine-grained hematite noticeably increases, whereas at low heating rate (2 °C/min) both samples exhibit nearly the same very high reduction degree, >99%.

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