Natural Polyphenols Versus Standard Therapy: Effects on Neuroinflammation and Alpha-Synuclein Expression in a 1-Methyl-4-Phenyl-1,2,3,6-Tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-Induced Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease.

At the end of the treatment (Day 37), one-way ANOVA revealed a highly significant difference in rotarod performance among the groups ( P < 0.0001).

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Notably, combined treatment with resveratrol and curcumin resulted in a greater reduction in α-synuclein levels compared with the MPTP group ( P < 0.001) and showed numerically lower levels than either compound administered alone; however, inter-treatment comparisons among L-DOPA + carbidopa, resveratrol, curcumin, and resveratrol + curcumin did not reach statistical significance ( P > 0.05) Biochemical parameter assessed by TNF-α levels Analysis of TNF-α levels revealed marked neuroinflammatory alterations across the experimental groups, as shown in Table 4 .

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