Immunotherapy in advanced gastroesophageal cancers: A meta-analysis of sex-based outcomes in overall survival.

35 More recently, a meta‐analysis of five RCTs investigating ICI‐based regimens in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) found that women derived a smaller OS benefit than men, although this difference did not reach statistical significance. 36 Our results suggest that immunotherapy was associated with a significant OS benefit in male patients with advanced ESCC, but not in female patients, although direct comparison of model estimates revealed no statistically significant difference in treatment effect between sexes.

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