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Bmscs loaded exosome hydrogel promotes the repair of rotator cuff injury in rats in vivo.

Sci Rep · 2026 · PMC13005012 · PMID 41703226

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In this study, the results of biomechanical experiments manifested that the maximum tensile load and linear stiffness of rats in the BMSC-Exos group were significantly higher than those in the repair-alone group ( P < 0.05) and showed a strong increasing trend compared to the GelMA group, although the comparison with the GelMA group alone did not reach statistical significance in all parameters,and were proximate to the normal control group.

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported
The results showed that compared with the BMSC-Exos group, the BMSC-Exos + TGF-β1 Inhibited group exhibited significantly reduced TGF-β1 mRNA expression ( P < 0.05), and the expression levels of downstream target genes (such as those indicative of Smad2/3 phosphorylation, inferred from related gene expression or subsequent protein assays) also showed a decreasing trend, indicating that P144 effectively inhibited the activity of this pathway (Fig. 6 ).

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