The immunological fitness of NSCLC patients drives the response to anti-PD1-based immunotherapy regardless of age.

Indeed, younger NR patients showed a trend toward longer PFS than older patients ( p = 0.07).

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These differences between HDs and CPs remained when the groups were analyzed by age, except for naïve T cells, which showed a decreasing trend ( p = 0.0748) in the older HD subgroup compared to the younger one (Fig. 1 A) (CD3 + T cells: HDs ≥65 vs CPs ≥65, 63.8% ± 4.7% vs. 49.9% ± 19.1%, p = 0.0724; HDs < 65 vs CPs < 65, 65.3% ± 6.6% vs. 47.3% ± 20.0%, p = 0.0004; CD4 + T cells: HDs ≥65 vs CPs ≥65, 64.5% ± 7.9% vs. 50.2% ± 17.3%, p = 0.068; HDs < 65 vs.

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In contrast, effector lymphocytes were higher in older than in younger healthy individuals (HDs ≥65 vs < 65, 21.6% ± 7.9% vs 16.4% ± 7.2%, p = 0.0336), and young-CPs showed an increasing trend compared to young-HDs (HDs < 65 vs CPs < 65, 13.6% ± 5.3% vs 21.9% ± 13.6%, p = 0.0932) (Fig. 1 B).

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