near-significantp = 0.057
Two factors, however, showed comparatively stronger signals: task paradigm demonstrated a significant between-subgroup difference (F (3,8) = 10.06, p = 0.004) with relatively low heterogeneity at the factor level (I2 = 18.28%), and gender showed a near-significant omnibus signal (F (2,9) = 4.00, p = 0.057).