Anaerobic microbiota promote pathogen association with the airway epithelium.

Additional inflammatory markers, such as PI3 (elafin, an elastase inhibitor that primes innate immune responses in the lung) [ 41 ], CXCL3 , C3 (complement), CYP24A1 (cytochrome p450 family 24 subfamily A member 1), OAS1 (oligoadenylate synthetase) and SDC4 (syndecan 4), were also differentially expressed, but did not reach statistical significance ( Fig. 1f ).

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