Tryptophan metabolites 3-hydroxykynurenine (3HK) and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3HAA) increase oxidative stress and impair osteoblastic bone formation.

J Biol Chem · 2026 · PMC13018973 · PMID 41580082

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

6 B ) although this comparison did not reach statistical significance in males ( Fig.

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