Occupational Benzene Exposure and Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Saf Health Work · 2026 · PMC13023073 · PMID 41907665

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a clear trendno p-value reported

One study, with a limited number of related deaths (n < 10), did not find a clear trend of pancreatic cancer mortality based on either dose of exposure or duration of employment [ 56 ].

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a slightly increasing trendno p-value reported

One study reported a slightly increasing trend for incidence of hepatobiliary cancer (i.e. liver and extrahepatic biliary tract cancer combined) according to the dose of exposure, with RRs of 1.00 (95% CI: 0.89-1.12), 1.04 (95% CI: 0.94-1.15), and 1.14 (95% CI: 1.03-1.26) for the first (median exposure: 0.01 unit-years), second (median exposure: 0.04 unit-years), and third (median exposure: 0.09 unit-years) tertiles of exposure [ 52 ].

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.