Psychological Distress, Stress, and Personality Traits in Patients Undergoing Chronic Hemodialysis: A Comparative Psychometric Study.

Behav Sci (Basel) · 2026 · PMC13023932 · PMID 41898084

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentence

0.2020

closest p · 4.0× alpha

0.2020

boldest claim

The sentences

did not reach statistical significancep = 0.202not close (p > 0.1)

Paranoid trait scores were higher in the hemodialysis group (M = 56.40, SD = 18.12) compared to controls (M = 51.30, SD = 11.55), but this difference did not reach statistical significance, t(58) = 1.29, p = 0.202, with a small effect size (Cohen’s d = 0.34) and a 95% confidence interval [−0.17, 0.85], suggesting a modest and imprecisely estimated difference.

also in 111,027 other papers

Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.