The Use of Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation Techniques in Subjects with Parkinson's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review.

Brain Sci · 2026 · PMC13024718 · PMID 41892668

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0010

closest p · 0.0× alpha

0.0870

boldest claim

The sentences

highly significantp < 0.001actually significant

reported a highly significant improvement in the Boston Naming Test (BNT, pre-treatment: 20.75 ± 4.49, post-treatment: 22.75 ± 4.28, p < 0.001) [ 41 ].

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did not reach statistical significancep > 0.05actually significant

However, it is important to note that in the studies by Monastero et al., Lang et al., and Trung et al., the between-groups comparisons did not reach statistical significance for any of the cognitive parameters assessed ( p > 0.05), indicating comparable effects between active and sham stimulation in these specific protocols [ 36 , 38 , 40 ]. 4.

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a positive trendp = 0.087so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

report a positive trend (FAS, pre-treatment: 28.4 ± 12.0, post-treatment: 31.0 ± 12.5, p = 0.087) [ 34 , 37 , 39 ].

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