a positive trendp ≈ 0.064
Neoadjuvant radiotherapy was also significantly associated with increased leakage risk (OR ≈ 3.29, 95% CI: 1.10–9.82, p ≈ 0.033), while neoadjuvant chemotherapy showed a positive trend toward higher leakage risk but did not reach statistical significance (OR ≈ 2.87, 95% CI: 0.94–8.78, p ≈ 0.064).