Determinants of All-Cause Mortality in Spirometry-Confirmed COPD in Primary Care: A Population-Based Multidimensional Cohort Study.

J Clin Med · 2026 · PMC13026429 · PMID 41899147

Europe PMC DOI

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

Current smoking was independently associated with mortality (OR 2.51, 95% CI 1.61–3.93; p < 0.001), whereas former smoking did not reach statistical significance in the adjusted model.

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