Membrane Vesicles from <i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i> Promote Superior Cytokine Modulation and Antimicrobial Signaling Compared with Their Whole Cells in RAW 264.7 Macrophages.

Int J Mol Sci · 2026 · PMC13026561 · PMID 41898624

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

However, these changes did not reach statistical significance when compared with the non-challenged WCs group.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.

Membrane Vesicles from &lt;i&gt;Lactobacillus acidophilus&lt;/i&gt; Promote Superior Cytokine Modulation and Antimicrobial Signaling Compared with Their Whole Cells in RAW 264.7 Macrophages.

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Membrane Vesicles from <i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i> Promote Superior Cytokine Modulation and Antimicrobial Signaling Compared with Their Whole Cells in RAW 264.7 Macrophages.