Radiation Exposure in Robotic-Assisted Versus Conventional and Navigation-Assisted Spine Surgery: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression of 3205 Patients.

J Clin Med · 2026 · PMC13026818 · PMID 41899071

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0.0600

closest p · 1.2× alpha

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boldest claim

The sentences

showed a trendp = 0.06so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Fluoroscopy Time Robotic-assisted versus Freehand Including heterogeneous studies (I 2 = 94.9%), the pooled analysis showed a trend toward lower fluoroscopy time in the robotic-assisted group versus freehand group (SMD −0.56, 95% CI −1.15–0.03; p = 0.06) ( Figure 5 a).

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a marginal trendp = 0.06so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

The pooled analysis indicated a marginal trend favoring robotic-assisted (RA) surgery in fluoroscopy time (SMD −0.56; 95% CI −1.15–0.03; p = 0.06), which became significant after excluding Le et al., Lonjon et al., or Zhang et al., suggesting RA may improve intraoperative efficiency despite high heterogeneity [ 21 ].

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