Gut microbiota dysbiosis contributes to diabetic nephropathy via affecting renal lipid deposition and inflammatory responses.

2 D) revealed that, compared to the normal group, Lactobacillus johnsonii was significantly reduced in the STZ group; in the DN transplantation group, Lactobacillus johnsonii was further decreased compared to the STZ group; although unclassified _Limosilactobacillus did not reach statistical significance among the groups, it showed a noticeable downward trend in the FMT-DN group.Further LEfSe analysis also indicated a significant reduction of Lactobacillus johnsonii in the STZ group compared to the normal group, a trend that was notably consistent in the STZ + FMT-DN group (Fig. 2 E-H).The reduction of Lactobacillus. johnsonii is associated with renal injury and may contribute to disease progression; however, further mechanistic studies are required to establish causality.

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Meanwhile, SCD1 showed an increasing trend, whereas CPT2 exhibited a decreasing tendency, although these changes did not reach statistical significance.

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