Incidence of hospital-acquired toxin-producing clostridioides difficile infection between the pre-pandemic (2017-2019) and pandemic (2020-2022): a retrospective cohort study.

Arch Public Health · 2026 · PMC13032465 · PMID 41721370

Europe PMC DOI

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

While immunodeficiencies were more prevalent during the pandemic (46.9%), this difference did not reach statistical significance.

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an increasing trendno p-value reported

Yearly cumulative incidence rates showed an increasing trend during the pandemic years: 2020: 11.5 TCDI per 10,000 admissions; 2021: 13.7 TCDI per 10,000 admissions; 2022: 15.6 TCDI per 10,000 admissions.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.