A Prospective Cohort Study on the Impact of SGLT2 Inhibitors on the 12‑Month Recurrence Risk of Atrial Fibrillation After Catheter Ablation.

Stratified by the median AF duration of 2.0 years, a significant interaction was observed (P for interaction = 0.048), revealing a greater benefit in patients with a shorter AF history (≤ 2 years; HR: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.11–0.71, P = 0.007) than in those with longer disease duration (> 2 years; HR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.45–1.96, P = 0.863). While formal tests for interaction did not reach statistical significance for most characteristics, the pattern of hazard ratios—with point estimates favoring SGLT2i across numerous subgroups including females (HR: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.13–0.85, P = 0.021), Age > 65 years (HR: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.17–0.84, P = 0.016), BMI ≥ 24 kg/m 2 (HR: 0.44, 95% CI: 0.22–0.87, P = 0.018), LAD > 45 mm (HR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.20–0.88, P = 0.022), LVEF < 50% (HR: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.07–0.91, P = 0.036), persistent AF (HR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.23–0.89, P = 0.022), and HbA1c < 6.5% (HR: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.12–0.92, P = 0.033)—is suggestive of a broadly consistent treatment effect.

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