Evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy of precise microwave ablation combined with spinal tumor separation surgery for managing spinal metastases.

By 3 months postoperatively, VAS scores remained slightly lower in the study group, though this difference did not reach statistical significance (1.35 ± 0.89 vs. 1.42 ± 0.95, P = 0.74).

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4.1%, P = 0.79) compare favorably with published series [ 33 , 34 ], and the MWA group showed a numerical trend toward lower cement leakage (2.9% vs. 4.1%), though this did not reach statistical significance likely due to our limited sample size.

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