Anastomotic leakage in colorectal cancer surgery in Syria: risk factors and improvements following guideline implementation - a retrospective cohort study.

In addition, the type of closure showed a highly significant difference ( P = 0.001), as extra-peritoneal closure was predominantly used in rectal tumors (78.8%).

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Although stapled anastomoses demonstrated higher leakage rates compared with manual closure, this association did not reach statistical significance.

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