Association between cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a cross-national analysis from global, US, and Chinese populations.

Respir Res · 2026 · PMC13049756 · PMID 41691255

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentence

0.9280

closest p · 18.6× alpha

0.9280

boldest claim

The sentences

did not reach statistical significancep = 0.928not close (p > 0.1)

Similar trends were observed in the CHARLS 2015 follow-up ( n = 3,114), where the OR for continuous CKM stage was 1.53 (95% CI 1.22–1.92, p < 0.001) and Stage 4 remained significant (OR 2.33, 95% CI 1.10–4.93, p = 0.027), while intermediate stages again did not reach statistical significance (Stage 2: OR 1.04, p = 0.928; Stage 3: OR 1.01, p = 0.974).

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