Changes in the microglial phenotype drive neuroinflammation independent of systemic inflammation in the acute stage of heatstroke.

The results revealed trends in TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 concentrations within 6 h post heatstroke were consistent with the trends we detected in serum; all the concentrations peaked 1 h following heatstroke and then decreased gradually with increasing recovery time; however, a difference was apparent at 24 h post heatstroke, as demonstrated by the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 we detected at cerebral cortex reduced to the level which was equal to that observed in the control group ( Figures 3 D–3F).

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