Maternal probiotic supplementation and offspring health: an umbrella review with re-analysis of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

Front Nutr · 2026 · PMC13062327 · PMID 41971379

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentence

0.0500

closest p · 1.0× alpha

0.0500

boldest claim

The sentences

nominally significantp < 0.05actually significant

Finally, the excess statistical significance test was used to evaluate whether the observed number of studies ( O ) with nominally significant results ( p < 0.05) exceeded the expected number ( E ) ( 26 ).

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