Glabrol-an impurity in licorice extract-causes toxicity in muscle, bone, and immune tissues through activation of the AP-1 signaling pathway.

Front Pharmacol · 2026 · PMC13066261 · PMID 41971075

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showed a trendno p-value reported

Another gene set showed a trend of upregulation (NES = 1.653) but did not reach the strict threshold of statistical significance (FDR ≈0.08).

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