More importantly, the observed IHTC is predominantly affected by AER and NAT, exhibiting a negative trend.
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Climate models exaggerate greenhouse gas impact on recent interhemispheric temperature patterns and tropical climate.
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Most CMIP6 models exhibit a decreasing trend in IHWC and, consequently, an increasing trend in IHTC, which contradicts the observed negative IHTC trend (Figs. 1g and 3a ).
The observations indicate an overall decreasing trend in IHTC with strong multidecadal variability, while the modeled IHTC largely shows a positive trend on top of the multidecadal variability.
The observed HC and ITCZ also covary with the IHTC, showing an overall trend opposite to that of the model simulation.