Pupil Size Reflects Trial-Level Variability in Imagery Vividness During Immersive Storytelling but Not (or Hardly) Individual Differences in Trait Imagery.

Although Figure 2D visually suggests that mean pupil‐size differences tended to be greater for stories rated as more vivid on average, this effect did not reach statistical significance (M3: β = 0.103, SE = 0.055, 95% CI = [−0.006, 0.212], z = 1.857, p = 0.063, n = 50). 2.4.2.3 No Relationship at the Individual Level At the individual level, mean Vividness scores, averaged across the four story pairs, revealed a moderate positive relationship with mean Suspense ratings ( ρ = 0.423, 95% CI = [0.21, 1.00], p = 0.001, BF10 = 33.631, power = 0.931, n = 50).

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Unsurprisingly, the main effect of the Brightness condition on pupil‐size means failed to reach significance at the trial level (M1: β = 0.008, SE = 0.014, 95% CI = [−0.018, 0.035], z = 0.605, p = 0.545, n = 50; Figure 2B ). 2.4.2.2 Vividness Ratings Modulate the Effect of Brightness Condition on Pupil‐Size Means at the Trial Level When adding the interaction with off‐line vividness ratings of the stories in the model, the main effect of Brightness was still not significant (M2: β = −0.102, SE = 0.057, 95% CI = [−0.213, 0.009], z = −1.798, p = 0.072).

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