When the Underdog Apologizes: The Role of Intergroup Apologies in Historical Intergroup Conflicts.

Int Rev Soc Psychol · 2026 · PMC13068085 · PMID 41969336

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

Although the interaction coefficient was in the expected direction and of small-to-moderate magnitude ( β = 0.21), it did not reach statistical significance.

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almost significantno p-value reported

Interestingly, an almost significant boomerang effect emerged for insincere apologies, as participants in the low-sincerity group displayed lower forgiveness levels than those in the no-apology condition, t (172) = –1.79, p = 0.075, d = –0.33 (see Figure 1 ).

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