Dexmedetomidine vs. Propofol-Fentanyl for Bispectral Index (BIS)-Guided Sedation During Awake Fiberoptic Intubation in Neurosurgical Patients With Anticipated Difficult Airways: An Observational Study.

Box-plot analysis of OAA/S scores demonstrated a steeper decline in sedation levels in Group PF relative to Group D; however, these differences did not reach statistical significance at any measured time point (p > 0.05) (Figures 4 - 5 ).

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A two-tailed p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant, and a p-value < 0.01 was considered highly significant.

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