Mapping the Prevalence and Risk Factors of Low Back Pain Among University Populations in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

J Clin Med · 2026 · PMC13073772 · PMID 41977109

Europe PMC DOI

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showed a trendno p-value reported

Family history of LBP showed a trend towards increased risk (pooled OR 1.37, 95% CI 0.93–1.82) without reaching statistical significance.

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highly significantno p-value reported

The overall pooled prevalence across all regions was 57%, and subgroup tests demonstrated highly significant regional differences, implying that local environmental, ergonomic, or cultural factors likely modulate LBP risk.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.