Modulators of Airway Remodeling: The Role of Caffeine and Calcitriol.

Int J Mol Sci · 2026 · PMC13074156 · PMID 41977276

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

Both compounds also reduced the expression of MMP-9 in comparison to TGF-β alone ( p = 0.03), though the changes in MMP-9 protein levels did not reach statistical significance.

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