Relationship between perfluoroalkyl substance exposure and immunoglobulin E among Korean adults from Korean National Environmental Health Survey cycle 4 (2018-2020): a cross-sectional study.

Front Public Health · 2026 · PMC13076250 · PMID 41988584

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

Second, when converting the continuous total IgE into dichotomous outcomes (e.g., ln IgE ≥ 4.0), the associations trended positively but did not reach statistical significance (see Table 4 ).

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highly significantno p-value reported

The RCS model, adjusted for all covariates, revealed a highly significant non-linear, J-shaped relationship (P non-linear < 0.001).

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