Comparison of Viable and Heat-Inactivated <i>Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus</i>IDCC 3201: Anti-Pathogenic, Anti-Inflammatory, and Microbiota Modulating Effect.

IL‐1β showed the clearest dose‐dependent reduction (Figure 3A ), whereas reductions in IL‐6, COX‐2, and TNF‐α at 2.5 and 5 × 10 7 CFU/mL did not reach statistical significance (Figure 3B–D ). 3.5.

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