Secondhand smoke and e-cigarette aerosol exposure in dogs and cats: A scoping review with implications for smoking cessation among pet owners.

Tob Prev Cessat · 2026 · PMC13085830 · PMID 42004781

Europe PMC DOI

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

In some cases, associations were observed but did not reach statistical significance, and only a few studies included appropriate control groups, thus also leading to differences in quality between eligible studies.

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