highly significantp < 0.001
Similarly, for non-neurosurgical complication, highly significant predictors included age (aOR 1.052 per year, p < 0.001), Infection (aOR 6.064, p < 0.001), and trauma (aOR 3.217, p < 0.001), while female sex had a non-significant aOR of 0.912 (p = 0.705). 5.5 Subgroup analysis of ICU admission The independent effect of sex on ICU utilization appeared concentrated in higher-risk procedures.