Smoking, oxidative stress and inflammation: impact on resting energy expenditure in diabetic nephropathy.

BMC Nephrol · 2005 · PMC1308817 · PMID 16303055

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highly significantno p-value reported

Nevertheless, repeated observations in the same patient improved the precision of the measurements and demonstrated a highly significant difference between smokers and non-smokers.

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

Plasma interleukin-6 was marginally higher in smokers, however tumor necrosis factor-α did not reach statistical significance.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.