A Cross-Sectional Study on the Impact of Emergency Department Boarding and Crowding on Emergency Department Observation Unit Patient Populations.

19 , 20 , 21 , 22 Most patient characteristics, acuity (ESI) levels, clinical management variables, and outcomes remained consistent across boarding quartiles; although there were significant differences in a few categories, including consultations, TTEs, EDOU LOS, and ultimate admission rate, the magnitude of these differences was mostly small and did not always follow a clear trend across all quartiles.

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