Effects of constant and incremental modes of music volume and odor concentration on vigilance.

Front Psychol · 2026 · PMC13095702 · PMID 42022413

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hedged sentences

0.0650

closest p · 1.3× alpha

0.0650

boldest claim

The sentences

did not reach statistical significancep = 0.065so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Further pairwise comparisons showed that mean RT in the dual-incremental condition was significantly shorter than in the dual-constant condition ( p = 0.006) and the music-incremental-only condition ( p = 0.040), but the difference from the odor-incremental-only condition did not reach statistical significance ( p = 0.065).

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an increasing trendno p-value reported

As shown in Figure 8 , the number of lapses under all experimental conditions exhibited an increasing trend as the task progressed, indicating a decline in attentional stability over time.

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