Maternal body mass index and association with breast milk intake in three-month-old infants.

However, a positive trend was observed between higher maternal BMI and milk volume (β = 17.1, 95% CI: -14.8 to 49.1, p = 0.24), and infants receiving formula tended to consume greater volumes of milk compared to exclusively breastfed infants, although this association was not statistically significant (β = 61.5, 95% CI: -165.9 to 288.9, p = 0.58).

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Although our adjusted models did not reach statistical significance (likely due in part to sample size limitations) these trends, underscore the need for larger, mechanistically informed studies to disentangle how maternal physiology, including BMI, interacts with feeding practices to shape breast milk intake and infant nutritional exposures.

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