Digital mandala coloring as a public mental health tool: psychophysiological benefits and the mediating role of flow in anxiety reduction among university students.

Front Public Health · 2026 · PMC13099304 · PMID 42027929

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0750

closest p · 1.5× alpha

0.0750

boldest claim

The sentences

marginally significantp = 0.075so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

0.363), resulting in a lower mean HR at T3 for the sliding group (1.955 ± 0.624) compared to the gamified group (2.331 ± 0.685), showing a marginally significant difference [ t (28) = 1.829, p = 0.075].

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showed a trendno p-value reported

However, based on the actual experimental measurements, although the data itself showed a trend consistent with theoretical expectations, statistical analysis revealed that HRV indices (rMSSD and LF) did not show statistically significant changes.

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