highly significantP < 0.001
The main effect of time was highly significant (admission vs. follow-up: β = 4.778, P < 0.001; pre-discharge vs. follow-up: β = 2.407, P < 0.001), reflecting substantial pain reduction over time in both groups.
The main effect of time was highly significant (admission vs. follow-up: β = 4.778, P < 0.001; pre-discharge vs. follow-up: β = 2.407, P < 0.001), reflecting substantial pain reduction over time in both groups.
A group-by-time interaction approached significance at pre-discharge, with the intervention group reporting 0.704 points lower activity pain than the control group (β = − 0.704, 95% CI [–1.419 to − 0.012], P = 0.054), suggesting a potential early benefit of the intervention.