Single level versus multi-level lumbar interbody fusion for lumbar degenerative diseases: a systematic review and meta analysis.

J Orthop Surg Res · 2026 · PMC13104495 · PMID 41832535

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0010

closest p · 0.0× alpha

0.0600

boldest claim

The sentences

showed a trendp < 0.001actually significant

Functional outcomes measured by Oswestry Disability Index showed a trend favoring Single-Level fusion, particularly when compared to Double-Level procedures ( p < 0.001).

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marginally non-significantp = 0.06so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Oswestry disability index (ODI) Our meta-analysis evaluating revealed a marginally non-significant mean difference of −3.90 (95% CI: −7.89 to 0.10, p = 0.06), with considerable inter-study variability (I2=66%, p = 0.02).

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.