Barely Significant
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Effectiveness of an online interval group therapy for children with developmental language disorders: protocol for a randomised controlled intervention study.

BMJ Open · 2026 · PMC13110643 · PMID 42031489

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failed to reach significanceno p-value reported
22 In the above-named RCT, face-to-face DLD therapy with 51 children in small groups of 2–3 tended to show better results than standard individual therapy, but the difference failed to reach significance. 23 Other studies from Germany and Luxembourg have shown that very frequent speech–language therapy sessions in small groups of nursery-age children with DLD led to significant and stable benefits in the development of phonological (speech sound) awareness, grammar and reading skills. 24 , 26 These studies demonstrated that this therapy strategy was more effective than extensive individual or group therapy 25 or no therapy 26 and found a possible beneficial effect of peer learning on language development, 25 among other factors.

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approaching significanceno p-value reported
After 3 months, group therapy outperformed standard individual therapy ( d =1.270, p<0.001), with the difference approaching significance 1 year after therapy onset. 43 The trial involved children aged 3 years to 6 year and 11 months, corresponding to the age range of the present study.

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