Association of the glucose metabolism continuum (fasting plasma glucose/HbA1c) with tear-film stability and secretion: ocular surface evidence across non-diabetes, prediabetes, and diabetes.

Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) · 2026 · PMC13111086 · PMID 42051462

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0.0010

closest p · 0.0× alpha

0.0010

boldest claim

The sentences

a significant trendp < 0.001actually significant

In adjusted models, the mean difference versus non-diabetes was −1.20 s (95% CI −1.90 to −0.40; p = 0.003) for prediabetes and −2.50 s (−3.30 to −1.70; p < 0.001), with a significant trend across strata ( p < 0.001).

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