Effects of nutritional interventions on competitive performance and dose‒response relationships among esports players of different skill levels: a systematic review and three-level meta-analysis.

J Int Soc Sports Nutr · 2026 · PMC13112869 · PMID 42028821

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hedged sentences

0.0010

closest p · 0.0× alpha

0.0010

boldest claim

The sentences

highly significantp < 0.001actually significant

Subsequent application of robust variance estimation (RVE) showed that after CR2 small-sample correction, the pooled effect size remained highly significant (g = 0.92, 95% CI [0.61, 1.24], p < 0.001).

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

Results indicated that the improvement of the three-level model compared to the traditional two-level model did not reach statistical significance (P LRT = 0.091).

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