HIV-Associated Microstructural Abnormalities in Default Mode, Executive Control, and Salience Networks: Insights from Tensor-Valued Diffusion Encoding.

A statistically significant reduction was observed for FA in DMN_D ( p = 0.031), while reductions in μFA and MKa in DMN_D and SN_A reached marginal significance ( p > 0.05 but <0.1).

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Although interactions for overall cognitive scores did not reach statistical significance, these results suggest that tensor-valued dMRI metrics are sensitive to microstructural changes within brain networks that influence specific cognitive domains, particularly executive function, attention, and processing speed.

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