Glucuronolactone Alleviates Metabolic Stress Induced by High-Fat Diet in Turbot (<i>Scophthalmus maximus</i> L.).

Compared with the PC group, the high-fat diet (NC) significantly increased the expression of Caspase3 , Caspase7 , and Caspase9 ( p < 0.05), while the Bcl-2 / Bax ratio showed a decreasing trend that was not statistically significant.

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However, at the genus level, an HFD induced a clear trend toward dysbiosis.

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In contrast, the G600 group supplemented with GL exhibited an increasing trend in α-diversity indices, and its samples showed tighter clustering in β-diversity analysis, suggesting that GL may enhance microbial ecological resilience and structural stability.

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