A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Probiotic and Postbiotic Strains in Healthy Adults with Self-Reported Anxiety: Effects on Mood, Vitality, Quality of Life and Perceived Stress.

Brain Sci · 2026 · PMC13114223 · PMID 42041827

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0510

closest p · 1.0× alpha

0.2740

boldest claim

The sentences

borderline significancep = 0.051so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

One baseline trend worth noting was on the STAI-State scale, where the probiotic group reported slightly lower scores with borderline significance ( p = 0.051), suggesting slightly lower baseline state anxiety.

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failed to reach statistical significancep = 0.274not close (p > 0.1)

Between-group comparison of BDI scores failed to reach statistical significance ( Supplementary Table S1 ; p = 0.274); however, there was a non-significant trend favouring the probiotic over placebo group for PHQ-9 total score at week 12 ( p = 0.089) ( Figure 3 a).

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

The relative abundances of Pseudoflavonifractor genus and Clostridium SGB6179 species in the placebo group decreased or showed a decreasing trend over time, whilst levels remained stable in the probiotic group.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.