Effects of Dual-Task Versus Multicomponent Exercise Programs on Fear of Falling and Fall Risk in Institutionalized Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Regarding body composition, although the Dual-Task Group presented a numerically higher BMI with a large sample effect size (Cohen’s d = 0.87), the 95% confidence interval crossed zero [−7.97, 0.21] and the difference did not reach statistical significance ( p = 0.062), indicating baseline comparability between the groups. 95% confidence intervals and effect sizes are shown in Table 1 .

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Furthermore, a marginally significant time-by-group interaction was observed for physical performance, favoring the multicomponent approach (F(1, 19) = 3.83, p = 0.065, η 2 p = 0.168 [large effect]).

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