Does Maternal Smoking Increase the Risk of Congenital Heart Disease? Insights from a Single-Center Fetal Echocardiography Study.

J Clin Med · 2026 · PMC13117589 · PMID 42074944

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0600

closest p · 1.2× alpha

0.0600

boldest claim

The sentences

a trend toward significancep = 0.06so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Although diabetes mellitus showed a trend toward significance (OR: 1.75, 95% CI: 0.97–3.15, p = 0.06), it did not reach statistical significance after adjustment.

also in 1,982 other papers

showed a trendp = 0.06so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Although diabetes mellitus showed a trend toward significance (OR: 1.75, 95% CI: 0.97–3.15, p = 0.06), it did not reach statistical significance after adjustment.

also in 25,348 other papers

did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

Although conotruncal defects were proportionally more frequent in the smoking group, this difference did not reach statistical significance.

also in 58,632 other papers

Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.